Soft breastshield

ABSTRACT

A breastshield is constructed of a low Durometer material. The breastshield includes a nipple tunnel that generally accommodates the shape of a nipple and an aperture that conveys fluids through the breastshield.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/558,702 filed Apr. 1, 2004.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to breastmilk pumps, and moreparticularly to breastshields used with breastpumps by nursing mothers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Breastpumps are well known, and generally are comprised of breastshields(also referred to as hoods) that fit over a portion of the breastincluding the nipple, a vacuum pump connected to the breastshield forgenerating an intermittent vacuum (negative pressure) within thebreastshield, and typically a receptacle for the expressed milk. In itssimplest and most common form, an intermittent suction action of thevacuum pump serves to pull on the breast and massage it so as to extractmilk. The expressed milk typically drains from the shield into acollection container, such as a baby bottle, which is ordinarilyattached directly to the breastshield apparatus, but can also be remote(with a tubular conduit connection). For breastpumps, manually drivenvacuum pumps are commonplace, as well as those that are driven by amotor (house current, battery, pneumatic, etc). The present invention isnot restricted to any kind of pumping mechanism.

The vacuum pumps intermittently generate a vacuum (or sometimes apositive pressure to compress a portion) within the breastshield, withthe breastshield covering the nipple and typically an adjacent amount ofthe breast itself. The intermittent action of the pump serves to pull on(via vacuum) and compress the breast, and thereby extract milk in anaction similar to suckling. The milk so expressed ordinarily flows fromthe breastshield into a collection container, e.g., a bottle, forstorage and later use. A breastpump of the foregoing description isshown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,857,051, and 4,929,229, and reference theretomay be made for further detail on breastpumps in general.

Perhaps the most commonplace breastshields typically used in conjunctionwith breastpumps have a conical configuration and are usuallyfunnel-shaped. These breastshields have traditionally been made using aregular truncated partial cone portion and a nipple tunnel extension atthe downstream end of the cone portion. The nipple and surroundingbreast are received in the cone portion, with the nipple extending intothe nipple tunnel. Under vacuum, the breast is pulled further into thebreastshield, ordinarily with the nipple then being pulled further intothe nipple tunnel, with the surrounding breast thereby also compressedabout the nipple.

A nursing mother's nipples may thus be forced against the wall of thenipple tunnel under vacuum. This may cause friction against the wall asthe nipple moves deeper into the nipple tunnel. There can also befriction between the breast and the conical portion, as well as thenipple tunnel. The rigid structure against which the mother's breast ispressed is plainly not reminiscent of the soft mouth and palate of ababy.

Inserts for use within the hood or shield of a rigid breastshieldassembly are also known, and have been used for sizing the breastshield.That is, an insert would be used in a larger funnel-shaped breastshieldto reduce the internal diameter of the cone portion and/or nippletunnel, for a smaller breast. Some rigid-type breastshields have alsosometimes been employed with a flexible breast-engaging portion ordevice mounted interior of a rigid external support or frame, not somuch as a sizing mechanism but in an attempt at improved milk expressionas well as comfort.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A principal objective of the present invention is to provide an improvedbreastshield (or hood) for a breastpump, which in one significant aspectis very soft and pliant in the area of the nipple, and whateversurrounding breast may be further encompassed. An embodiment achievingthe foregoing objective is substantially made of a low durometermaterial in all of the breast-engaging areas. That embodiment in aparticularly desirable form is a generally solid piece of the lowdurometer material. In this desirable form, the breastshield is verysoft and pliant, much like the baby's mouth and palate. It furthermoreadvantageously adapts to a wide variety of breast sizes (“one size fitsall”), inasmuch as the orifice (opening) within which the nipple andbreast is received has the ability to compress under pressure (negativeand/or positive) in light of the very soft material. No internaladapters are therefore necessitated in this form. Furthermore, it willbe understood that the breastshield of the present invention is usedwithout any additional structure in the breast and nipple-contactingportion. In other words, unlike many prior art breastshields, which mayinclude both a rigid shell and a relatively pliable liner or insert orbladder portion, the present invention operates without any outer shellor rigid elements or attached supporting elements supporting the mainshield portion. The present breastshield functions without any need ofrigid or outer shell elements, that is, the breastshield isself-supporting.

In a particular aspect of the foregoing invention, the breastshield maybe a Shore A hardness of about 20 or less than 20. The breastshield maybe a Shore A hardness of about 10 or less than 10, and even at orbelow 1. More particularly, on the Shore 00 scale, a range of about 20to about 45 is presently considered most desirable. One of the mostsignificant attributes of the present invention is considered to be thevery low durometer material of the breastshield, and how that materialbehaves under application of negative pressure thereto. The lowdurometer material is thought to minimize friction between the breastand breastshield in use. As will be evident herein, the most preferreddurometers are considered to be in the range at or below Shore A 5, andmost preferable Shore 00 of about 20 to about 45. Values below the notedrange may have useful applications in the breastshield of the presentinvention.

Where the natural adaptability of the soft breastshield material alonemay not suffice, another aspect of the invention is to provide acompression ring or rings for use with the breastshield, each of whichis positioned around the outside of the breastshield in the area of thenipple tunnel, to vary the inside diameter of the nipple tunnel. In onesuch embodiment, adaptor rings are provided in a variety of differinginternal diameters. The user chooses the ring that compresses the nippletunnel material to the size she desires, with the chosen ring simplymounted around the nipple tunnel to compress it to size; or for thatmatter, shape, if a different shape for the tunnel is desired, which thering system could readily accommodate. Thus, the separate rings mayinclude a variety of sizes (diameters) and even shapes for selection ofcomfort. The compression ring may be constructed of a rigid material,for example a hard plastic, or an elastic band that causes the desiredcompression, a ratcheted belt, and so forth.

Other means for providing a variable inside diameter of the nippletunnel are contemplated. For example, an inflatable or adjustablebladder or area of weakened material may be provided adjacent the nippletunnel area of the present breastshield and provided with a fluid sourcewhich when pressurized, with either a negative or positive pressure mayfunction to cause a variance in the diameter of the nipple tunnel. Itwill be understood that the illustrations provided herein are notlimiting in nature.

The breastshield of this invention may be a separate piece that ismountable to a part of the breastpump (e.g., a mounting collar extendingfrom a base structure or housing or conduit portion that attaches to abottle), or made integral with adjacent parts of the breastpump (such asthe foregoing base structure). In the latter respect, another aspect ofthe invention is to provide a breastshield integrated with the part ofthe breastpump that attaches to the collecting chamber (e.g., bottle),and which may further include an integrated valve structure.

One form of this inventive integrated breastshield comprises a twodurometer feature: the foregoing low durometer material for thebreastshield portion, and a relatively higher durometer material for thebase structure including the collecting (or catch) chamber portion whichitself attaches to the bottle mouth. The collecting chamber portion isan area where milk flows from the nipple tunnel and may momentarilyreside before being passed to the container. The base structure is made(e.g., by molding) with a collar or mounting portion having a matingattachment adapted for the container mouth in point. This could be athreaded fit, snap-fit, and so on. In this dual-durometer form, all ofthe breastpump (sans container and vacuum source) can be formed in anintegral piece. That could further include an integral valving structureat the downstream end of the collecting chamber. For instance, oneembodiment contemplates a duckbill type valve molded of the same higherdurometer material, which closes under vacuum but then allows milk topass when the pressure is released.

Still another aspect of an embodiment of the invention is to provide aflexible breastshield that is curved or curvable, in whole or in part,for comfort. Typically, breastpumps are designed for use with the motherin a generally erect posture. The breastshield is thus angled upwardlyrelative to the collection container, the latter being generallyvertical in this configuration. The nursing mother may wish to reclinesomewhat, or sit back for instance. The standard breastpump is nottypically well adapted to accommodate this back-leaning posture,however, since the extracted milk must first essentially flow “up hill”into the funnel. Providing a breastshield with a curved body facilitatescomfortably sitting back while still maintaining a “down hill” milk flowto the collection container. That curved body can be provided in thepresent invention through an elongated tunnel of the soft (lowdurometer) breastshield which may in part be curved, but which can befurther curved simply through bending of the flexible breastshield intoposition by the mother to adapt the breastshield to the needed angle.

The present invention will be further appreciated, and its attributesand advantages further understood, with reference to the detaileddescription below of examples of presently contemplated embodiments,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an assembled breastshield and relatedintegrally formed base structure, with a collection container, made inaccordance with certain aspects of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a breastshield made in accordance withthis invention, as a separately mountable element;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the breastshield of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of the breastshield of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the breastshield and related integralbase structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a compression ring shown in FIGS. 1 and5;

FIG. 7 is an elevational view, partly broken away, to show a valvingdevice;

FIG. 8 is a modified version of the breastshield of FIGS. 2 through 4;and

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a breastshieldaccording to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The first embodiment discussed herein is a so-called dual-Durometerversion, which is also depicted in FIGS. 1, 5, 7 and 9. As will bediscussed in more detail below, this version has a very soft lowDurometer part that makes up the breastshield proper, and a more rigidhigher Durometer part that it is molded to the breastshield proper whichmakes up the rest of the breastpump, (exclusive of the container whichis to receive the milk and the vacuum source).

As shown in FIG. 1, the breastshield 5 connects to a base structure 40that includes a liquid conduit (not shown, but interior to base 40),with a collecting or catch chamber 6, and a downstream end 42 having anattachment part 44 for mounting to a collection device (here, a bottle8). Referring to FIG. 7, at the outlet of the collecting chamber 6 theremay be provided a valve 28, which closes a passage (not shown), which ispart of the liquid conduit, leading from the collecting chamber 6 tobottle 8. Valve 28 in this instance is known as a duckbill valve (FIG.7). When a vacuum or negative pressure is applied to the breastshield 5from a well-known type of suction device 10, which may be manuallyoperated or motor driven, the valve 28 closes the collecting chamberoutlet 48, and a negative pressure is applied to the interior of thebreastshield 5. The outlet 48 is opened when the negative pressure isreleased, and the valve 28 opens to pass milk expressed into thebreastshield and thence to the collecting chamber 6, to flow into thebottle 8. The valve mechanism may be of many other types, but asdiscussed further below, the duckbill type is considered most applicablein the context of this integrally molded dual-Durometer device.

The vacuum or suction device 10 may be a manually operated piston pump,a battery operated diaphragm pump, a house-current driven vacuum pumpusing a vacuum line (tube), among others. Again, reference can be madeto U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,857,051, and 4,929,229, to glean details of theoperation of pumps that may be used with the present invention. Theinvention herein is, however, not limited to any particular kind ofvacuum device, or positive pressure device, for that matter. The vacuumsource 10 connects via a tube 7 to a port 9 formed on thebreastshield/base structure. The port 9 communicates with the interior56 (see FIG. 4) of the breastshield 5.

The breastshield 5 may be made of any suitable soft, i.e., lowDurometer, material, but in a preferred form is made of a soft siliconematerial, such as silicone rubber. It could alternatively be othermaterials, such as thermoplastic elastomers (TPE's).

It is most desirable is to have the material of which the breastshield 5is fabricated with a Durometer A (or Shore A) hardness that issubstantially within the range of about 1 to about 20. More favorably,the material has a Durometer A hardness that is within the range ofabout 1 to about 5, or switching to the Shore 00 scale, most favorablyin the range of about 20 to about 45. Below this range is nonethelessalso considered efficacious.

The breastshield 5 has a wall thickness from about ⅛ inches to about ½inches. In a more preferred form, the wall thickness is about ⅜ inches.

The Durometer of the rest of the base structure 40 is of a hardness thatprovides sufficient rigidity to facilitate attachment to the mouth of acontainer in a manner that will mount the breastshield in a stableconfiguration and resist application of a vacuum or positive pressurethereto.

Details of the manner in which a dual-Durometer structure of this kindcan be made, and further particulars of the preferred ranges for thevarious Durometer considered most efficacious, can be gleaned from theco-pending application U.S. Ser. No. 10/696,910, which discloses such adual-Durometer construction in the context of a feeding nipple. Thenovel construction in that application readily translates into thepresent application for a breastshield.

The breastshield 5 includes a collecting chamber portion 6, which isdesigned to be attachable to a container 8 in a fluid-tight manner.Alternatively, a secondary collar or like attachment piece could be usedto attach the breastshield to the container. The material of which thecollecting chamber portion 6 is fabricated preferably has a Durometer Ahardness that may be formed of the same or a greater Durometer hardnessthan breastshield portion 5. In one embodiment, the collecting chamberportion 6 has a Durometer A hardness that is within the range of about 1to about 100. More preferably, the material of the collecting chamberportion 6 has a Durometer A hardness that is substantially within therange of about 20 to about 90, or even more preferably in the range ofabout 70 to about 90. It will be understood that the collecting chamberportion 6 should have Durometer A hardness sufficient to enable secureand leak-free attachment to a container. The means for attachment to acontainer 8 include, for example, screw threads, a snap-fit, etc.

A compression ring 30 surrounds the outside of the breastshield 5.Because of the very soft and pliant material of the breastshield 5, itcan be readily compressed to thereby change the size of the tunnel 24within which the nipple and adjacent breast are received. Of course, thebreastshield alone may provide a sufficient amount of resiliency toform-to-fit without the need of any compressive device. Here, however, aring 30 may be used for sizing. The ring is made of a rigid plastic,although its function could likewise be accomplished in many other ways.With reference to FIG. 6, it is contemplated that a plurality of rings30 would be made available, each of differing internal diameter D.Alternatively, a single rigid ring could be used which is split andthereby made adjustable, with some appropriate fixation mechanism tolock the ring to the desired size. Ring 30 is slipped over thebreastshield 5 into place.

Turning now to FIG. 2, another embodiment of a breastshield made inaccordance with the teachings of the present invention is shown. Thebreastshield is constructed of a low Durometer material. This embodimentis of a breastshield 5′ which is separate from the rest of thebreastpump, being adapted to be removably mounted thereon. The first end12 of this embodiment 5′ has a wide cross-section (diameter), and isgenerally circular in cross sectional shape (along its long axis),although any suitable cross-sectional shape is contemplated. The firstend 12 further includes a circumferential flange or rim 14. A nippletunnel 24 opens into the first end 12 and extends longitudinally towardsthe second and downstream end 16. During operation, the base of thecircumferential rim 14 is placed over the breast of the user such thatthe nipple tunnel 24 resides over (surrounds) the nipple of the breast.Second end 16 of the breastshield 5 has a cross-section slightlynarrower than the cross-section of the end 12.

The overall body of this breastshield 5′ is generally cylindrical,although any shape of the overall body is contemplated. The second end16 has a plurality of apertures 20. These apertures 20 allow for thepassage of milk, as well as vacuum to and/or from the interior 56 of thebreastshield 5′.

One arrangement of the plurality of apertures 20 is illustrated. Theapertures 20 number three individual holes, although any suitable numberof apertures is contemplated including one. The apertures 20 are “kidneybean” shaped, although any shape is contemplated, including trapezoidal.The apertures 20 are arranged in a circular pattern spaced outwardlyfrom a middle or central axis of the breastshield 5′. Other arrangementsof apertures 20 are contemplated that effectively convey fluids throughthe breastshield 5′; this is just one such.

As shown in FIG. 4, the apertures 20 are longitudinal (axial)passageways formed in the material of the breastshield 5′. Each aperture20 includes an inner opening 21 in communication with the nipple tunnel24. Each aperture 20 includes an outer opening 22 that is open to theexterior of the breastshield 5′. Fluid may flow from the nipple tunnel24, into inner openings 21, though apertures 20 and out through outeropenings 22 when negative pressure is applied. Negative fluid pressurelikewise flows to and from the nipple tunnel 24 through the apertures20.

Surrounding the apertures 20 is an annular gap 18 formed in the end 16.This gap serves to receive a complementary rigid ring-shaped collar 32(see FIG. 8) therein, which thereby mounts the breastshield 5′ to therest of the base structure of the breastpump. The mounting structure ofthis kind of breastpump base is known in the art, but only with rigidbreastshields, such as those that attach through an interference fit tocollar 32.

The nipple tunnel 24 defines an inside diameter 25 and an outsidediameter 26. The inside diameter 25 and outside diameter 26 furtherdefine a wall thickness of the breastshield 5. The wall thicknessprovides structure for the nipple tunnel 24 to hold its general shape.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a breastshield 5″, which is curvedalong its longitudinal length. Providing a breastshield with a curvedbody facilitates comfortably sitting back while allowing the collectioncontainer to remain relatively vertical. The curvature furtherfacilitates even more bending of the breastshield 5″ by the mother, ifso desired, given the very soft and pliant nature of the breastshield 5″made of the same low Durometer material previously discussed.

FIG. 9 illustrates yet another embodiment of the breastshield 105according to the present invention. Breastshield 105 includes a firstend 112 sized and shaped to receive a nipple and at least a portion ofthe surrounding breast tissue of the mother. The first end 112 includesan annular radially extending flange or rim 114. The rim 114 has a wallthickness of about ⅜ inch, but it will be understood that a range ofwall thickness are contemplated. The rim 114 defines a nipple tunnel 124which leads into the interior 156 of breastshield 105 defined by insidesurface 125. A first section “L” of the breastshield 105 is formed ofthe low Durometer material discussed previously and a second section “H”of the breastshield is formed of the relatively higher Durometermaterial discussed previously. The wall thickness of part 112 of thisembodiment is about ¼ inch.

In this embodiment, the cross-section of section L is cylindrical. Fromfirst section L the breastshield 105 tapers or angles inwardly intosection H which includes an attachment section 160 including an annulargap or groove 118 formed in the second or downstream end 116. Theattachment section 160 receives collar 132 of base structure 140. Thecollar 132 is a cylindrical extension of the housing of the basestructure 140.

Section H preferably may be made of a higher Durometer material thansection L as detailed above to provide a secure attachment to both thesofter silicone of section L and the base 140. Base 140 may be part ofsection H with increased rigidity or a separate part.

Thus, while a multitude of embodiments have been variously describedherein, those of skill in this art will recognize that differentembodiments show different potential features/designs that can be usedin the other embodiments. Even more variations, applications andmodifications will still fall within the spirit and scope of theinvention, all as intended to come within the ambit and reach of thefollowing claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A breastshield, wherein the improvement comprises: a soft breastshield constructed from a low Durometer material having a nipple receptacle volume defined therein wherein a woman's nipple is received in use, said breastshield being self-supporting such that said breastshield surrounding said nipple receptacle does not substantially collapse upon the nipple when said volume is subjected to vacuum in use, and wherein said soft breastshield has a Shore A hardness of less than about
 20. 2. The breastshield of claim 1 wherein said soft breastshield is substantially solid with a nipple receptacle formed therein, said receptacle extending into a fluid conduit.
 3. The breastshield of claim 1 wherein said soft breastshield is cylindrical in shape, substantially along its entire length, with said nipple receptacle extending into a nipple tunnel.
 4. The breastshield of claim 1, further having a changeable diameter.
 5. The breastshield of claim 4, further including one or more sizing rings sized to fit over an outside surface of said breastshield.
 6. The breastshield of claim 4, wherein said one or more sizing rings is a plurality of sizing rings, each having a different internal diameter.
 7. A breastpump, comprising: a breastshield having a Shore A hardness of less than about 20 including a nipple opening at a first end extending into a nipple tunnel and which communicates with a fluid conduit of said breastpump, said breastshield not requiring any external supporting structure for said nipple tunnel to substantially retain its internal shape and volume under vacuum in use, wherein said nipple tunnel is sized and shaped to receive a nipple; a collection container for receiving fluid expressed from the nipple in communication with said fluid conduit; and a pressure source communicating with said nipple opening for applying an intermittent pressure thereto.
 8. A breastshield made of a material having a Shore A hardness of less than about 20 and having a nipple receptacle volume defined therein wherein a woman's nipple is received in use, said breastshield being self-supporting such that said breastshield surrounding said nipple receptacle does not substantially collapse upon the nipple when said volume is subjected to vacuum in use.
 9. A breastshield made of a material having a Shore A hardness of less than about 10 and having a nipple receptacle volume defined therein wherein a woman's nipple is received in use, said breastshield being self-supporting such that said breastshield surrounding said nipple receptacle does not substantially collapse upon the nipple when said volume is subjected to vacuum in use.
 10. A breastshield made of a material having a Shore 00 hardness in the range of about 20 to about 45 and having a nipple receptacle volume defined therein wherein a woman's nipple is received in use, said breastshield being self-supporting such that said breastshield surrounding said nipple receptacle does not substantially collapse upon the nipple when said volume is subjected to vacuum in use.
 11. A breastshield comprising: an elongated breastshield member having a nipple receptacle at one end of a nipple tunnel, said nipple tunnel extending along a longitudinal length of said breastshield member and wherein said breastshield member is formed of a flexible material that is bendable in use, and wherein said soft breastshield having a nipple receptacle volume defined therein wherein a woman's nipple is received in use, said breastshield being self-supporting such that said breastshield surrounding said nipple receptacle does not substantially collapse upon the nipple when said volume is subjected to vacuum in use, and cylindrical in shape substantially along its elongated length.
 12. The breastshield of claim 11 wherein said breastshield member is curved along said longitudinal length.
 13. The breastshield of claim 11 wherein an adjustable ring is positioned on an outside wall of said nipple tunnel.
 14. The breastshield of claim 11 wherein one of a plurality of rings is positioned on an outside wall of said nipple tunnel and wherein each of said plurality of rings has different internal diameters. 